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Types of bricks used in Indian Construction Industry

March 23, 2022 0 Comments business , uncategorized
Bricks are one of the oldest building materials and are most often used for wall construction. With the advancement in technology and availability of raw materials there are many kinds of bricks or blocks available in the market, often confusing the buyer on choosing the right brick/block for their projects. Explained below are the different types of bricks/blocks available in the market along with their technical specification, advantages and disadvantages. Title: Types of bricks used in Indian Construction Industry Bricks are one of the oldest building materials and are most often used for wall construction. With the advancement in technology and availability of raw materials there are many kinds of bricks or blocks available in the market, often confusing the buyer on choosing the right brick/block for their projects. Explained below are the different types of bricks/blocks available in the market along with their technical specification, advantages and disadvantages.
  1. Clay Bricks
Red Bricks or Burnt Clay Bricks as they are commonly called are the classic form of bricks. They are produced by pressing wet clay into moulds, then drying and burning in kilns. They are categorized into different grades based on quality and strength. The high-grade bricks usually have lesser flaws.   Properties:
  • Average strength: 30-35 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 20-25%
  • Density: 1600-1700 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: Low
  • Sound Insulation: Low
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 190/230
    • Height: 110
    • Thickness: 30/70
Advantages:
  • Easily available across the country
  • Proved to be reliable as being used in construction since many years
  • Can be used for aesthetic purposes such as facing bricks, architectural purposes, exposed practice work and in landscaping
Disadvantages:
  • Causing erosion of top soil and air pollution due to burning process
  • Uneven shape and finish
  • Labour intensive
  • More wastage at site
  1. Flyash Bricks
Flyash bricks are produced using Flyash, Stone Dust or Sand, Cement and water. They are cast in moulds and compacted using vibration and hydraulic press, hence they have more accurate shape and better strength. These bricks are considered as an Eco-friendly product as they majorly use Flyash which is a byproduct from thermal power plant and is available at very less cost.   Properties:
  • Average strength: 50-75 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 6-12%
  • Density: 1500-1600 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: Moderate
  • Sound Insulation: Moderate
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 190/230
    • Height: 110
    • Thickness: 30/75
Advantages:
  • Uniform shape and size helps in saving cement motor for joints and plastering
  • Environment friendly as they use Flyash which is a byproduct from thermal power plant
  • Manufactured in Automatic machines hence can be produced in large quantities
  Disadvantages:
  • They are generally in small size of 230 x 110 x 75mm hence would require more joints in construction of wall similar to clay bricks
  • Bonding with concrete is lower due to smooth finish. This can be corrected using a cement:sand mortar of 1:4 for plastering
  1. CLC Light Weight Bricks
Cellular Light Weight Concrete(CLC) Bricks are produced by inducing millions of bubbles into a cement, flyash and water slurry. The bubbles are generated using protein-based foam hence it is also called as Foam concrete. There are 2 kinds of finish such as smooth finish produced in battery moulds or rough finish produced by wire cutting. Properties:
  • Average strength: 35-50 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 6-12%
  • Density: 850-1000 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: High
  • Sound Insulation: High
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 400/600
    • Height: 100/150/200
    • Thickness: 100/150/200/225
Advantages:
  • Light weight helps in reducing the structural load
  • Requires lower plastering thus enhancing carpet area
  • Larger in size hence lesser joints saving costs in joint motors and enables faster construction
  • Superior qualities like high thermal resistance, high sound insulation and more resistant to seismic waves
Disadvantages:
  • Limitation in producing huge quantities of bricks
  • Increase in strength will also increase the weight of bricks
  1. Concrete Blocks
Solid Concrete Blocks are produced by mixing Cement, Sand, Stone Chips and water in a mixer. The wet concrete is then compacted using vibration and hydraulic press. These blocks are used for both load-bearing and non-load bearing walls, partitions walls, compound walls. Also used as facing material, for piers, retaining walls, garden walls, chimneys and fire places.   Properties:
  • Average strength: 75-200 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 6-10%
  • Density: 1800-2400 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: Low
  • Sound Insulation: Low
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 300/400
    • Height: 100/150/200
    • Thickness: 100/150/200/225 mm
Advantages:
  • Blocks produced in Automatic machine can be produced at very high strength which can be used for load bearing purpose
  • Wide range of application in building construction and infrastructure projects
  • Blocks produced in Automatic machine have very accurate dimensions and sharp edges
Disadvantages:
  • Low thermal resistance hence more heat is transferred indoors
  • Heavy blocks hence more difficult to handle
  1. Hollow Blocks
Hollow Blocks are produced with the same raw materials and manufacturing process as Solid Concrete Blocks but the mould will have partitions to make the block hollow in between. Hollow blocks have around 25% void in volume and generally used in non-load bearing partition walls. Properties:
  • Average strength: 35-45 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 8-10%
  • Density: 1100-1500 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: Moderate
  • Sound Insulation: Moderate
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 300/400
    • Height: 100/150/200
    • Thickness: 100/150/200/225 mm
Advantages:
  • Reduces structural load due to light weight
  • Use of larger size concrete blocks reduces the number of joints in work and hence helps in saving mortar
  • Hollow concrete blocks have good insulating properties against sound, heat, and dampness
  Disadvantages:
  • Hollow blocks have poor bearing capacity because the total mass of wall decoration materials is reduced, the load-bearing capacity is also reduced.
  • It is very dangerous to hang heavy objects on such walls.
  1. FALG Blocks
FaL-G blocks are blend of Flyash, Lime, Gypsum, water and sand can be used as optional. When hydrated the fly ash reacts with lime at ordinary temperature and forms a compound possessing cementitious properties. The reaction between lime and fly ash produces calcium silicate hydrates, which are responsible for development of strength in fly ash–lime in the form of bricks and blocks. Cement can also be used in the absence of lime Properties:
  • Average strength: 50-100 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 8-12%
  • Density: 1400-1600 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: Moderate
  • Sound Insulation: Moderate
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 300/400
    • Height: 100/150/200
    • Thickness: 100/150/200/225 mm
Advantages:
  • Eco-friendly product as Fly-ash is the major ingredient
  • Use of larger size concrete blocks reduces the number of joints in work and hence helps in saving mortar
Disadvantages:
  • Smooth finish of surface will lead to difficulty in bonding with the plaster
  1. AAC Light Weight Bricks
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) bricks are a type of light weight bricks. They are manufactured by combining fly-ash, gypsum, lime, cement, water and Aluminium powder. This slurry is poured into a mould and the aluminium powder reacts with lime and fly-ash resulting in formation of millions of bubbles. The bubbles cause concrete to expand to double the volume. Thus, aerated concrete is then cut into blocks and cured for 8-12 hours using steam and pressure in autoclaves. Properties:
  • Average strength: 30-50 kg/cm2
  • Water absorption: 8-12%
  • Density: 650-750 kgs/cu.m
  • Thermal Resistance: High
  • Sound Insulation: High
  • General sizes (in mm):
    • Length: 400/500/600
    • Height: 150/200 /250
    • Thickness: 100/150/200/225 mm
Advantages:
  • Reduces deal load of the building and helps in reducing project cost
  • Has superior heat, sound and seismic resistance
  • Larger size blocks lead to faster masonry work
  • Due to less weight the blocks can be handled easily
Disadvantages:
  • Requires special jointing paste and high precautions during construction of wall
  • High water absorption can lead to cracks in the wall due to dry shrinkage
  • Brittle nature: they need to be handled more carefully to avoid breakage
  • The brittle nature of the blocks requires longer, thinner screws when fitting cabinets and wall hangings and cannot be used for load bearing
 

About Nanolite:

Namaste & Welcome to Nanolite – India’s Leading Brick Machine Supplier (ISO 9001:2015 Certified). Nanolite 13+years experience in brick machine manufacturing and has a track record of setting up 525+ Brick Plants across all the States of India, Nepal, Bhutan & Sri Lanka.

With the Experience & Expertise achieved through several years, We Guarantee the Best Quality Brick / Block from the very 1st Batch of Production.

Our Product Portfolio Includes 

  • CLC Light Weight Brick Machine
  • Automatic Flyash Brick & Concrete Block Machine
  • AAC Light Weight Brick Machine
  • Concrete Block “Egglaying Type” Machine
  • Paver Block & Parking Tile Machine
  For More Information Please Contact (+91) 9491639933 or Visit www.nanolite.in
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